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Greenland[Country Listing] [Factbook Home Page] Greenland(part of the Kingdom of Denmark)          GreenlandGeography[Top of Page]Location: Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the NorthAtlantic Ocean, northeast of CanadaGeographic coordinates: 72 00 N, 40 00 W Map references: Arctic Region Area: total: 2,175,600 sq km land: 2,175,600 sq km (341,600 sq km ice-free, 1,834,000 sq km ice-covered)(est.)Area—comparative: slightly more than three times the size of TexasLand boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 44,087 km Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 3 nmClimate: arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold wintersTerrain: flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous,barren, rocky coastElevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Gunnbjorn 3,700 m Natural resources: zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish,seals, whales Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 0% other: 99% (1993 est.)Irrigated land: NA sq km Natural hazards: continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the islandEnvironment—current issues: protection of the arctic environment; preservation of their traditionalway of life, including whaling; note—Greenland participates actively inInuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC)Environment—international agreements: party to: Whaling (extended through Denmark)signed, but not ratified: NA Geography—note: dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparsepopulation confined to small settlements along coastPeople[Top of Page]Population: 59,309 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 26% (male 7,814; female 7,709)15-64 years: 68% (male 22,099; female 18,487)65 years and over: 6% (male 1,476; female 1,724) (July 1998 est.)Population growth rate: 0.9% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 15.83 births/1,000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 6.88 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.) ratio: at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.2 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female (1998 est.)Infant mortality rate: 21.33 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.46 years male: 65.29 years female: 73.65 years (1998 est.)Total fertility rate: 2.17 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic Ethnic groups: Greenlander 87% (Eskimos and Greenland-born whites), Danish and others13% Religions: Evangelical Lutheran Languages: Eskimo dialects, Danish, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect) Literacy: NA note: similar to Denmark properGovernment[Top of Page]Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat Data code: GLDependency status: part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrativedivision of Denmark since 1979Government type: NA National capital: Nuuk (Godthab) Administrative divisions: 3 districts (landsdele); Avannaa (Nordgronland), Tunu (Ostgronland),Kitaa (Vestgronland)Independence: none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrativedivision of Denmark since 1979)National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940) Constitution: 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)Legal system: DanishSuffrage: 18 years of age; universalExecutive branch: chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II of Denmark (since 14 January 1972), represented byHigh Commissioner Gunnar MARTENS (since NA 1995) head of government: Prime Minister Jonathan MOTZFELDT (since NA September 1997); note -named to post to replace Gunnar MARTENS, who retired ahead of scheduled election cabinet: Landsstyre is formed from the Parliament on the basis of the strengthof partieselections: the queen is a constitutional monarch; high commissioner appointed bythe queen; prime minister is elected by the Parliament (usually the leaderof the majority party); election last held NA September 1997 (next to be heldNA 1999)election results: Jonathan MOTZFELDT replaced Gunnar MARTENS who retired; percent of parliamentaryvote—NALegislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Landsting (31 seats; members are elected onthe basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)elections: last held on 4 March 1995 (next to be held by 5 March 1999)election results: percent of vote by party—Siumut 38.4%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 20.3%, AtassutParty 30.1%; seats by party—Siumut 12, Atassut Party 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit6, conservative splinter grouping 2, independent 1note: 2 representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketingon 21 September 1994 (next to be held by NA September 1998); percent of voteby party—NA; seats by party—Liberals 1, Social Democrats 1; Greenlandicrepresentatives are affiliated with Danish political partiesJudicial branch: High Court or Landsret Political parties and leaders: two-party ruling coalition; Siumut (Forward Party, a moderate socialistparty that advocates more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomyfrom Denmark) [Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (EskimoBrotherhood, a Marxist-Leninist party that favors complete independence fromDenmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Atassut Party (Solidarity,a more conservative party that favors continuing close relations with Denmark)[Daniel SKIFTE]; Akulliit Party [Bjarne KREUTZMANN]; Issituup (Polar Party)[Nicolai HEINRICH]Diplomatic representation in the US: none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)Diplomatic representation from the US: none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)Flag description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large diskslightly to the hoist side of center—the top half of the disk is red, thebottom half is whiteEconomy[Top of Page]Economy—overview: Greenland suffered negative economic growth in the early 1990s, butsince 1993 the economy has improved. The Greenland Home Rule Government (GHRG)has pursued a light fiscal policy since the late 1980s which has helped createsurpluses in the public budget and low inflation. Since 1990, Greenland hasregistered a foreign trade deficit following the closure of the last remaininglead and zinc mine in 1989. Greenland today is critically dependent on fishingand fish exports; the shrimp fishery is by far the largest income earner.Despite resumption of several interesting hydrocarbon and minerals explorationactivities, it will take several years before production can materialize.Tourism is the only sector offering any near-term potential and even thisis limited due to a short season and high costs. The public sector, includingpublicly owned enterprises and the municipalities, plays the dominant rolein Greenland's economy. About half the government revenues come from grantsfrom the Danish Government, an important supplement of GDP.GDP: purchasing power parity—$945 million (1997 est.)GDP—real growth rate: 0.6% (1997 est.)GDP—per capita: purchasing power parity—$16,100 (1997 est.)GDP—composition by sector: agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% Inflation rate—consumer price index: 0.6% (1997 est.)Labor force: total: 24,500 (1995 est.)Unemployment rate: 10.5% (1995 est.)Budget: revenues: $706 million expenditures: $697 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995)Industries: fish processing (mainly shrimp), handicrafts, furs, small shipyardsIndustrial production growth rate: NA%Electricity—capacity: 106,000 kW (1995)Electricity—production: 245 million kWh (1995)Electricity—consumption per capita: 4,253 kWh (1995)Agriculture—products: forage crops, small garden vegetables; sheep, fishExports: total value: $363.4 million (f.o.b., 1995)commodities: fish and fish products 95%partners: Denmark 89%, Japan 5%, UK 5%Imports: total value: $421 million (c.i.f., 1995)commodities: machinery and transport equipment 25%, manufactured goods 18%, foodand live animals 11%, petroleum products 6%partners: Denmark 7.5%, Iceland 3.8%, Japan 3.3%, Norway 3.1%, US 2.4%, Germany2.4%, Sweden 1.8%Debt—external: $243 million (1995)Economic aid: substantial annual subsidy from Denmark—$427 million (1995)Currency: 1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oereExchange rates: Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1—6.916 (January 1998), 6.604 (1997), 5.799(1996), 5.602 (1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993)Fiscal year: calendar yearCommunications[Top of Page]Telephones: 19,600 (1995 est.)Telephone system: adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and microwaveradio relay; totally digitalized in 1995domestic: microwave radio relayinternational: 2 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station—1 Intelsat (AtlanticOcean)Radio broadcast stations: one publicly-owned radio and television station (nationwide) and somelocal radio and TV stationsRadios: 23,000 (1991 est.)Television broadcast stations: one publicly-owned radio and television station (nationwide) and somelocal radio and TV stationsTelevisions: 12,000 (1991 est.)Transportation[Top of Page]Railways: 0 km Highways: total: 150 km paved: 60 km unpaved: 90 km Ports and harbors: Kangerluarsoruseq, Kangerlussuaq, Nanortalik, Narsarsuaq, Nuuk (Godthab),SisimiutMerchant marine: noneAirports: 10 (1997 est.)Airports—with paved runways: total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (1997 est.)Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (1997 est.)Military[Top of Page]Military—note: defense is the responsibility of DenmarkTransnational Issues[Top of Page]Disputes—international: none[Country Listing] [Factbook Home Page] |
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