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Howland Island HOWLAND ISLAND Howland Islandlies 1650 sea miles to the southwest of Honolulu, and 48 miles north of the equator. Itand Baker Island, which lies about 35 miles to the south and a little east, are locatednorthwest of the Phoenix group, and a 1000 miles west of Jarvis. WELCOME EVERYBODY DOMAINS www.janeresture.com www.janesoceania.com www.pacificislandsradio.com Thank you so much for visiting the above three Domains. I am very pleased to be able to share with you that further limited advertising on our Howland Island Home Page, along with other Web Pages within the above three Domains, are now available. Potential advertisers are cordially invited to choose from several thousand Web sites available for placement of your important advertisements. I would like to sincerely thank everybody for visiting and for your kind support. Best wishes and God's blessings to all. For further information, please contact me at: jane@janeresture.com or jane@pacificislandsradio.com  Howland is alow, flat, sand and coral island, shaped like a flattened "hot dog" or elongatedbean. It is a little over a mile and a half long, by a half mile wide, with a maximumelevation of 18 to 20 feet, and a land area of about 400 acres. It is surrounded by anarrow fringing reef, just awash at low tide, off which the ocean deepens rapidly exceptat the north and south ends. The entirewestern or lee beach is sandy and low, that on the eastern or weather side higher, moreabrupt, and covered with coral rubble and sandstone slabs. There is no pronounced beachcrest and no central basin (dried up lagoon) such as one usually finds on such flat coralislands. For this reason it was naturally adapted to development as an airfield. Part ofthe north central portion has been dug over for guano, and there are some artificialtrenches near the kou thickets, but otherwise most of the surface is quite flat. Only six speciesof plants were found on Howland, prior to its recent occupation. Lepturus bunchgrass,Boerhaavia herb, and two kinds of purslane or pig weed (Portulaca lutea andoleracea)dominate the surface. There are scattered patches of Tribulus, and a few small clumps ofscrubby kou trees (Cordia), apparently more dead than alive, due to the dryness andnesting birds.The climate isdecidedly warm and dry, although, not disagreeably hot, except in the noonday sun.Occasional light showers fall, especially in the early morning. The columns of warmair, arising from the sandy flat, helps to prevent the formation of clouds over the island,and hence heavy tropical showers by day. The winds blow almost continually from theeastward, south of east in summer, north of east in winter. The usualspecies of sea and migratory birds are found on Howland. A variety of the small, greyPolynesian rat has been so abundant as to cause much distress to persons living on the island. The presence of this rat, kou trees and a few archaeologicalsites, such as stone paths and pits in which food plants might have been cultivated,suggest that the island was known and visited by Polynesians. There are the usual hermitcrabs and insects, and marine life abounds.Captain GeorgeE. Netcher of New Bedford, who visited Howland in the whale ship Isabella,September 9, 1842, is credited with naming the island, it is said, for the lookout whofirst sighted it. But there is no doubt that it was seen and perhaps even landed upon byseveral vessels prior to that, one of which was the American whaler Minerva Smyth,Captain Daniel McKenzie, of New Bedford, December 1, 1828. Later many whalers stoppedthere, and on it many a fine ship was wrecked. It was called Worth Island after CaptainGeorge B. Worth, who discovered it in the Nantucket whale ship Oeno, about 1822.  On February 5,1857, Alfred G. Benson and Charles H. Judd landed on Howland from the Hawaiian schooner Liholiho(Captain John Paty), raised the American flag, and took formal possession in the name ofthe American Guano Company, of New York, by erecting a small house and "leavingvarious implements of business." They stayed until the 26th, taking a generous sampleof the guano which they found in great abundance. On the samecruise of the Liholiho, Jarvis and Baker islands likewise were claimed, and shortlythereafter guano digging operations were begun on them by the American Guano Co., underbonds 1 and 2, dated October 28, 1856. But strangely, claim was not made to Howland untilDecember 3, 1858 (bond No. 4), and accounts of guano enterprise generally assign it to theUnited States Guano Company.The reason forthis was this competition between two guano companies for the use of the island. In June,1859, representatives of the American Guano Co. were landed on Howland. The same month theship Ivanhoe arrived, hoping to get possession for the United States Guano Company, butleft, disappointed. However, the latter company somehow managed to get a toehold on theisland, for in February, 1861, it was learned that Captain Stone of the American Guano Company'sbrigantine Josephine landed on Howland and politely notified two agents of the UnitedStates Guano Company, whom he found there, to be ready to leave whenever the opportunityoffered. Thereafter Howland was visited regularly by the American Guano Company's vesselwhich brought supplies to the guano islands. The years 1870to 1872 marked the peak of Howland guano digging. Between August and December, 1870, withCaptain Ross as superintendent, seven ships (German, British, and American) were loadedwith 7,600 tons of guano, in 109 working days, a record for this guano island. Americanguano digging enterprise seems to have come to an end on Howland in October, 1878, when"Captain Jos. Spencer, wife, and 3 children, E. Wheeler, Chas. Hines, JohnMacWiggins, Gabriel Holmes, and 34 native labourers" returned to Honolulu aboard theJoseph Woolley. John T. Arundeland Co. occupied Howland between 1886 and 1891, using 100 natives from Niue and the Cookgroup to perform the physical labour. Allen F. Ellis gives interesting notes concerningthis period in "Adventuring in Coral Seas."Americancolonists were established on Howland, March 30, 1935, from the U.S. Coast Guard CutterItasca. The airfield is called Kamakaiwi Field to do honour to a veteran colonist of thisperiod.Howland Islandcame into prominence in 1937, through the world flight attempted by Amelia Earhart and hernavigator, Fred J. Noonan. In March the Shoshone hastened to Howland, where work wasrushed to complete the airfield, under the supervision of Robert Campbell, so that thefliers might land there on the flight between Oahu and Lae, New Guinea. An accident duringthe take-off at Wheeler Field, March 19, prevented the flight at that time.In June thefliers made a successful trip in the opposite direction as far as Lae, from which theytook off for Howland on July 2, but did not arrive. During the next few weeks numerousvessels combed the area, but no trace of the fliers has been found. The lighthouse onHowland has been called Amelia Earhart Light.  Hawaiiis a great place to find gorgeous islandsand so is Mexico! The great island of Cozumel has breath taking sunsetsand crystal clear water that attracts divers from all over the world.The best place to stay in Cozumelis of course right next to the water. A CozumelVilla can have up to 11 bedrooms and fit the whole family andthen some! You can go on great island tours with guides that have beenon the island for over 20 years. Fishing trips, archaeological toursand snorkeling are the activities most people enjoy while staying in Cozumel Villa Rentals. If you are just traveling alone or with a loved one, then CozumelCondos which are also located right on the water, are also agreat and affordable choice!  Jane's OceaniaHome Page Join Jane's Oceania Home Page Newsletter to get the latest news, information and Web site updates! Please enter your email address below then click the 'Join' button for your free Newsletter!  Join newsletter!  Pacific Islands Radio Stations   (E-mail: jane@janeresture.com -- Rev. 8th September 2008   |
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